Passing with a large majority, it established the principle of a minimum wage and the right of workers to have meal breaks. Wars are not won by evacuations". These actions, supplemented by his speeches, considerably enhanced Churchill's reputation. Churchill stood at Epping, but he described himself as a "Constitutionalist". [244] He returned to America in late January 1932 and completed most of his lectures before arriving home on 18 March. In March, the Evening Standard ceased publication of his fortnightly articles, but the Daily Telegraph published them instead. Attlee, Bevin and Labour's other coalition ministers through the war were seen to be working towards reform and earned the trust of the electorate. He was ultimately successful and was eventually able to say: "My impediment is no hindrance". He adds that the area bombing campaign was no more reprehensible than President Truman's use of the second atomic bomb on Nagasaki six months later. [241] The Commons debated Dominion Status for India on 3 December and Churchill insisted on dividing the House, but this backfired as only 43 MPs supported him. [454] His output included a novel, two biographies, three volumes of memoirs, several histories, and numerous press articles. When he began his biography, Jenkins regarded Gladstone as the greater man but changed his mind in the course of writing. [500] Against this, Addison has argued that it is misleading to describe him as a racist in any modern context because the term as used now bears "many connotations which were alien to Churchill". 4374 (88th): An Act to proclaim Sir Winston Churchill an honorary citizen of the United States of America", "Spring 1899 (Age 24): The First Political Campaign", "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953 – Winston Churchill", "Winston Churchill's butterfly house brought back to life", "Red Herrings: Famous Quotes Churchill Never Said", "Winston Churchill: British Hero or Racist Villain? His desire to marry an American divorcee, Wallis Simpson, caused the abdication crisis. Indeed Churchill, as an alleged traitor to his class, earned the lion’s share of Tory animosity. [368] In 1958, five years after the account of this meeting was published (in Churchill's The Second World War), Soviet authorities denied that Stalin had accepted such an "imperialist proposal". Among his measures were reduction of the state pension age from 70 to 65; immediate provision of widow's pensions; reduction of military expenditure; income tax reductions and imposition of taxes on luxury items. [144] In response to escalating civil strife in 1911, Churchill sent troops into Liverpool to quell protesting dockers and rallied against a national railway strike. Re-elected Prime Minister in 1951, his second term was preoccupied with foreign affairs, especially Anglo-American relations and, despite ongoing decolonisation, preservation of the British Empire. In 1917, he returned to government under David Lloyd George and served successively as Minister of Munitions, Secretary of State for War, Secretary of State for Air, and Secretary of State for the Colonies, overseeing the Anglo-Irish Treaty and British foreign policy in the Middle East. Churchill, a convinced free trader, helped to found the Free Food League. The photograph shows Churchill in his school clothes at age 14. Also praised as a social reformer, historian, painter, and writer, among his many awards was the Nobel Prize in Literature. An intense patriot; a romantic believer in his country’s greatness and its historic role in Europe, the empire, and the world; a devotee of action who thrived on challenge and crisis; a student, historian, and veteran … [110] In May 1909, he proposed the Labour Exchanges Bill to establish over 200 Labour Exchanges through which the unemployed would be assisted in finding employment. [49], Anticipating the outbreak of the Second Boer War between Britain and the Boer Republics, Churchill sailed to South Africa as a journalist for the Morning Post under the editorship of James Nicol Dunn. [225] Churchill presented five budgets in all to April 1929. The speech ended on a note of defiance coupled with a clear appeal to the United States:[301][302]. [36] He returned to Bangalore in October 1897 and there wrote his first book, The Story of the Malakand Field Force, which received positive reviews. He returned to Britain on 25 June and had to face another motion of no confidence, this time in his central direction of the war, but again he won easily. [33] Instead, he allied himself to the Tory democracy wing of the Conservative Party, and on a visit home, gave his first public speech for the party's Primrose League in Bath. Gaining the support of his Labour colleagues the making of Attlee '' Averell Harriman Edward. 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