h�b```b`��f`g`�� Ā Bl@Q�/e���v00�}9�� ��IpPv���Ȥ�%ԫ��9yu�ެ��L�\���8t|f�������:��YG��,��(��[��ÁO���&�!� }���A���=:��,��l��266v�@ 15-20, DOI: 10.17794/rgn.2020.4.2 (2020) … 2000, Fernández-Jiménez et al. Suction cups were used to collect the seepage water in the middle and the edge zone of both sections with either EAF slag and natural aggregate in the road base as well as 5 m (16.4 ft.) to the side of the test road. 0000077257 00000 n (2006), and others, and the nature of the hydrated slag phases formed has also been studied in detail (Purdon 1940, Douglas et al. 0000078118 00000 n Air-cooled blast furnace slag This slag hardens when it reacts with water, with a hydraulic property that provides increasing strength over time. 0000017250 00000 n 0000224991 00000 n At the present, most industrial slags are being used without taking full advantage of their properties or disposed rather than used. In the context of geopolymer synthesis from slag glasses, the key glass network forming cations are Al3+ and Si4+; the divalent Ca2+ and Mg2+ act as network modifiers along with any alkalis present. PROPERTIES OF BLAST FURNACE SLAG CONCRETE: The properties of materials used to manufacture concrete are those in the previously described standard AS3582.2 for slag as : a supplementary cementitious material: 11, AS3972 for blended cements: 12: and relevant provisions in AS2758.1, the Australian Standard for concrete aggregates : 13. 0000081000 00000 n 0000091506 00000 n Ground granulated blast furnace slag has potential hydraulic performance that can be shown under the action of cement clinker, lime, gypsum and other activators, so it is a high-quality cement raw material. 9-9����BNKN!�#��ӑS���)�t�r:� ��1a�9sp�A���O�s�)~?����9�?�����S�~��`� �=Յ��BuOu����P�S]��.T�T�{�+��tW��ɢt��]����*��tW鮧�Jw=�U��b0R�F�Q�H1 Basic oxygen steel slag is relatively nonporous and produces a high-density aggregate with high crushing strength. To flux the silica produced during steelmaking, limestone and/or dolomite are added, as well as other types of slag conditioners such as calcium aluminate or fluorspar . 0000100526 00000 n Table 8.6. Abstract. Physical properties of nickel slag aggregate. Blast furnace slag usage and guidance for Indiana (Joint Transporta-tion … Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary Portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of cement. The bearing capacity tracked for 6 months in various points of the test road showed a continuous increase of the modulus. Few reports have studied slag binders with high slag proportions (>90%) and low-cost activators (solid waste is used) that have higher performance than cement for backfilling. 0000100794 00000 n In this chapter, the results of research conducted worldwide (laboratory and in situ) are presented to illustrate the high value of blast furnace slag as a material in civil engineering projects. Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a non-metallic industrial by-product, which is produced in blast furnaces by the melting of the iron ore, producing molten pig iron [1]. Small amounts of the nucleation agent Cr2O3 were then added to the parent glass to induce crystallization. 0000078257 00000 n 0000017627 00000 n It was concluded that EAF and ladle slag can be used in base and subbase course and the materials demonstrated high modulus and bearing capacity. Use and Properties of Blast Furnace Slag as a Building Material- A Review This paper aims at bringing a literature review on the uses and properties of popular industrial and mineral byproduct slag. 3-1). By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. 0000080965 00000 n 1992, Richardson et al. There is no risk of alkali-aggregate reaction, and this slag contains no clay or organic impurities. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Blast-furnace slag is tapped from the furnace as a liquid, which contains gases held in solution. 0000100870 00000 n Cement stabilized pavement structure. 0000086362 00000 n 0000078182 00000 n High Temperature Properties of BOF Slag and its Behaviour in the Blast Furnace Lena Sundqvist okvist SSAB Tunnplat AB, Luleii and Lulea University of Technology, Lulea / Sweden Slag formation in the bosh and raceway is an important issue in the blast furnace process. 0000100077 00000 n BF= Blast furnace BO= Bridging Oxygen BOS =Basic Oxygen Steelmaking process CC= Continuous casting of steel de-S= de-sulphurisation EML= Electro-magnetic levitation ... 1.1 Slag properties Slag properties are important since they: (i) have a decisive effect on both process control and on the quality of the product and E. The unbound granular consists of two layers of EAF and ladle slag mixtures. It is produced during the separation of the liquid steel from impurities in steelmaking furnace and is a non-metallic by-product of steelmaking process. Fig. The results have proved that no environmentally relevant amounts of heavy metals or salts had leached out of the material and have influence on the groundwater. 0000099374 00000 n Constant parameters: concentration of sodium hydroxide: −15 M, curing temperature: − 70∘C for 24 h, fine aggregates to total aggregates ratio: − 0.35, fly ash: − 350 kg/m 3. 0000033620 00000 n Molten blast furnace slag is tapped from the furnace into ground bays where it air-cools to form a crystalline rock-like material. It is always recommended for a concrete mix design, that would provide us with a denser mass of concrete, i.e. 0000023214 00000 n Flowability, setting times, compressive strength, e orescence, and carbonation resistance and shrinkage were tested. It can also be used without PC, through the addition of an alkali source yielding an alkali-activated slag binder [2,3]. 0000003124 00000 n The fragmented air-cooled nickel slag can be crushed and screened for a variety of construction aggregate purposes, as engineered fill, granular base and subbase, and HMA coarse and fine aggregate. The grindability index of steelmaking slag is 0.7, in contrast with the value of 0.96 and 1.0 for blast furnace slag and standard sand respectively. 0000083537 00000 n 0000015655 00000 n SSAB works in Lulea operate with 100 % olivine pellets. 0000099991 00000 n Granulated blast furnace slag was first developed in Germany in 1853 (Malhotra 1996). thick and aged independently for three months. Depending on the method used to cool the molten slag, different types of products are produced: Air-cooled blast furnace slag Angular, roughly cubical, and rough, porous, or … Data from Bialucha, R., Nicoll, R., & Wetzel, T. (2007). The comparison of the two materials and their combination are summarized in Table 8.4. The iron ore is reduced to iron in that temperature and all other materials form a slag and floats on the top of iron. A laboratory evaluation of the use of air-cooled nickel slag was conducted based on the nickel slag produced at the Falcondo facility in Bonao, Dominican Republic, before use in construction. 0000077980 00000 n One of the nonferrous slags, nickel slag, was successfully used in highway construction (Wang et al., 2011). Blast furnace slag primarily consists of silicates, alumino-silicates, and calcium alumina-silicates. Table 8.7 summarizes the testing results for nickel slag aggregates used in the construction of the Duarte Highway. 0000019131 00000 n Ground slag has been used as a cementitious material in concrete since the begin-ning of the 1900s (Abrams 1925). 0000076798 00000 n 0000002977 00000 n BOF, CaO, EAF, MgO, Slag basicity, slag processing, Steelmaking slag, Properties and Uses of Steelmaking Slag. Unbound EAF and ladle slags for test sections. h���1 0ð4�\c=t��՞4mi���� �2 endstream endobj 937 0 obj <>/Metadata 30 0 R/Pages 29 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 938 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Shading<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>> endobj 939 0 obj <> endobj 940 0 obj <>stream 0000016025 00000 n The cement stabilized section consisted of 10 cm (4 in.) 0000100324 00000 n smooth slag formation in the blast furnace results in a de-crease in the volume of bosh slag and prevents the forma-tion of a bosh slag with excessive basicity.1–3)At normal blast furnace operation, the tuyere slag, formed by the ash content in fuels combusted in front … 0000077748 00000 n 0000077545 00000 n 0000236328 00000 n Its bulk density is in the range of 1.6 tons per cubic metres (t/cc) to1.9 t/cc. 0000002256 00000 n 0000099650 00000 n Because of the powerful latent hydraulic property that results from fine grinding, this slag is used in products such as Portland blast furnace slag cement. 2.1. The conditions of cooling control both the growth of mineral crystals and the quantity and size of gas bubbles that can escape before being trapped by solidification of the slag mass. Blast furnace slag is mildly alkaline and shows a pH in solution in the range of 8 to 10. (2011). 0000064928 00000 n Long term behavior of steel slag used for unbound rural roads. 0000078153 00000 n 0000009599 00000 n Steel slag is a byproduct from either the conversion of iron to steel in a basic oxygen furnace, or the melting of scrap to make steel in an electric arc furnace. Clearly, when using slag in geopolymerization, careful control of particle size distribution can be utilized to control the strength development profile, as is done in OPC blends (Wan et al. Bialucha, Nicoll, and Wetzel (2007) reported on the long-term leaching behavior of the two test road sections using EAF and ladle slags in the base and subbase. The physical and chemical properties of blast furnace and steel slag aggregates offer a valuable mix of performance benefits that make them ideal for use across many sectors including construction, manufacturing and agriculture. doi:10.3141/2208-01. Long term behavior of steel slag used for unbound rural roads. 2SiO2), as well as depolymerized calcium silicate glasses. 0000011763 00000 n 20 cm (67%) EAF and ladle slags (expansion rate of mixture 1.18%), EAF slag–3 month aging with expansion rate of 0.93%; ladle slag–3 month aging with expansion rate of 3.34%. 0000011159 00000 n Generally, the use of slag aggregates and slag … 2004, Wang et al. 2000, Song et al. (i) blast-furnace slag (ironmaking slag), (ii) steel-furnace slag, (a) basic-oxygen-furnace (BOF) slag, (b) electric-arc-furnace (EAF) slag, (c) ladle slag. 0000065008 00000 n The physical properties of Ground Granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) provides advantages to the concrete in fresh state as well as in its hardened state. 0000228767 00000 n This paper aims at bringing a literature review on the uses and properties of popular industrial and mineral byproduct slag. 0000091785 00000 n 8.5. Those studied were alkali activated by liquid sodium silicate (SS) and sodium carbonate (SC). Table 8.6 presents the cement stabilized pavement structure. Steelmaking slag is an integral part of the steelmaking process. 0000101216 00000 n �\�G�@����A ĉ`iA���8�� �[X�B�80=м���q� C�Æh���@U�>3\k(a�> Z�Z�Z�����"�s��� �'v��0�f}�P���0���g�Y��;�30`p`�`H�a���y�[����A� S�&�n��B���ۄ����;�'p^`x�0���A�A“� ��#�����p7^tx���À-�R��\1�F����q ���`��g`�t.�0 V6�. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978008100368800004X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128179826000057, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128173695000106, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123838445000180, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128037348000187, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000021, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080431526002771, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000057, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781845694494500035, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000082, Application of blast furnace slag in civil engineering, Ivanka Netinger Grubeša, ... Samitinjay S. Bansode, in, Characteristics and Uses of Steel Slag in Building Construction, Green remediation by using low-carbon cement-based stabilization/solidification approaches, Dr Lei Wang, ... Dr Daniel C.W. 0000005620 00000 n Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement (GGBFS) is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties. 0000226879 00000 n 0000062424 00000 n The use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is environmentally sustainable and prevalent in the cement industry, but the original alkali-activated slag binder cannot be used for mine backfilling. 0000005356 00000 n This is explained by the influence of the clayey soil around the suction cups. Hot mix asphalt that contains nickel slag aggregate— Laboratory evaluation of use in highway construction. 0000086549 00000 n An average expansion rate on the construction site showed 2.25%, which was similar to the results tested in the laboratory. [2] It affects the heat balance of the blast furnace in two ways: by lowering the carbon content in coke, which lowers calorific value, and by requiring additional slag former to melt the coke ash, which demands extra energy and increases the slag volume. Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Fly Ash and Steel Reinforcement Bekir Erdem Bas WVU, beb0026@mix.wvu.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Bas, Bekir Erdem, "Study on The Thermal Properties of Concrete Containing Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Fly Ash and Steel … Critically in the context of geopolymer manufacture, as well as in its wider use as a supplementary cementitious material for Portland cement concrete production, slag from a particular blast furnace is reasonably consistent in chemical and physical properties. In: The 5th European slag conference, September 19–21, 2007, Luxembourg. Based on considerable practical positive international experience as well as satisfactory local use for several years, leachate characterization, mineralogical evaluations, and the favorable comprehensive accelerated stability and durability testing, nickel slag was given full project approval for engineered fill, granular subbase, and HMA aggregate use. Typically, the proper basic-oxygen furnace charge consists of approximately 10–20% of steel scrap and 80–90% of molten iron [ 1, 3 Each layer is 20 cm (8 in.) 0000009714 00000 n Data from Vazquez, E., Barra, M., Perez, F., Alavedra, P., Scheibmeir, E., & Bou, M. (2010). The degree of depolymerization largely controls reactivity. Tsang, in, Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater, Properties of SCC with industrial by-products as aggregates, Self-Compacting Concrete: Materials, Properties and Applications, Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids, Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids (Second Edition), Ferrous metal production and ferrous slags, The Utilization of Slag in Civil Infrastructure Construction, Construction Materials: Lightweight Aggregates, Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, Unbound slag aggregate use in construction. 8.6. 2008). RECOMMENDED CITATION Wang, T., Salehi, M. & Whelton, A. J. Materials used in two rural test road sections. When cooled, the BFS is crushed and screened to … 0000002777 00000 n This paper reviews the production, processing, and characteristics of steel slag, and its use as a cementing component in different cementing systems. The reactivity of different slags – from blast furnaces and other metallurgical processes – in alkali-activated materials is relatively well understood as a result of the work of Shi et al. Fig. blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on various concrete properties were studied. Basic-Oxygen-Furnace Process of Steelmaking and Slag Generation. The results also showed that the seepage water collected from the suction cups did not show a difference between the materials in the two test sections. 8.4). 0000010192 00000 n This air-cooling results in some fragmentation into sizes conveniently suitable for riprap, armor stone, and gabion stone use. 0000006214 00000 n Granulated blast furnace slag Just like air-cooled blast furnace slag, this slag has a hydraulic property and there is no risk of alkali-aggregate reaction. The materials used are summarized in Table 8.5. economy, since the blast furnace fuel rate increases and the productivity decreases. It is a by-product from the blast furnace which is used to make iron. Experimental assessment of electric arc furnace slag for road construction purposes in Catalonia. The blast furnace slag can be granulated slag (GBFS) or air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS). 0000062354 00000 n slag does not have the hydraulic properties of water-cooled slag. Fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans, such as calcined shale, calcined clay or metakaolin, are materials that, when used in conjunc- tion with portland or blended cement, contribute to the properties of the hardened concrete through hydraulic or pozzolanic activity or both (Fig. This property also allows its application in soil stabilization and in mortar for masonry. Vazquez et al. 0000083605 00000 n Table 8.5. Air-Cooled Blast Furnace Slag Crushed ACBFS is angular, roughly cubical, and has textures ranging from rough, vesicular (porous) surfaces to glassy (smooth) surfaces with conchoidal fractures. Laterite ore is open-pit mined and then processed through a preparation, reduction, and electric furnace melting process. Blast furnace slag, a by-product of iron production, is one of the most widely used cementitious constituents of modern binders, and is typically used in concrete as a partial replacement of Port-land cement (PC) [1]. 0000080849 00000 n 0000247137 00000 n 1994, Wang and Scrivener 1995, Puertas et al. The size of its particles is less than 45 microns and specific surface area is about 400 to 600 m 2 /kg. In this study, slag cement (SC) is used to prepare different slag cement mortar (SCM) mixes to study mortar microstructure perspectives, physiochemical properties, mechanical properties and durability performance. 0000092112 00000 n Ladle slag contains a high content of lime contributing to quick self-hardening, which results in a higher load-bearing capacity and a lower dust generation on rural roads and surrounding areas. The mixture of natural soil and EAF and ladle slag presented a higher strength than the slag alone. It is also well known that the reactions of slag are dominated by small particles. 0000083759 00000 n 2008), as well as the influence of these phases on the progress of the alkali activation reactions. This slag is periodically tapped off as a molten liquid and then rapidly quenched with large volumes of water. 1. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a non-metallic product obtained as a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to make iron. 2006, Xu et al. 8.4. 0000004874 00000 n 0000007616 00000 n endstream endobj 1032 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[32 904]/Length 49/Size 936/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream % since it results from a reduction process. of hydraulic bound base course, combining 10 cm of natural soil, 20 cm (8 in.) 0000014275 00000 n Blast furnace slag (SL) is an amorphous calcium aluminosilicate material that exhibits both pozzolanic and latent hydraulic activities. 0000101484 00000 n Since the granulated blast furnace slag is ground, it is not round. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is an eco-friendly material with regard to its production process and usage. In: Proceedings of the 6th European slag conference, October 20–22nd, Madrid, Spain. Worldwide, more than 500 million tons of blast furnace slag are produced every year [2]. AbstractIn this study, the blast furnace slag of the Baotou Steel and Iron Company was used as the main raw material to prepare glass ceramics with diopside as the main crystal phase. Processed nickel slag aggregate. smooth slag formation in the blast furnace results in a de-crease in the volume of bosh slag and prevents the forma-tion of a bosh slag with excessive basicity.1–3)At normal blast furnace operation, the tuyere slag, formed by the ash content in fuels combusted in front … In contrast to blast furnace slag, basic oxygen furnace slag (BOS) and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag (steel slags) are generated in an oxidizing process and therefore have iron contents that are significantly higher. The content of iron (Fe) in blast furnace slag (ABS/GBS) is usually lower than 0.5 wt. 0000006502 00000 n 0000080783 00000 n Basic slag is a co-product of steelmaking, and is typically produced either through the blast furnace - oxygen converter route or the electric arc furnace - ladle furnace route. 8.5 and 8.6 show the processed air-cooled nickel aggregate and its use on the Autopista Duarte highway widening project. Data from Wang, G., Thompson, R., & Wang, Y. At the present, most industrial slags are being used without taking full advantage of their properties or disposed rather than used. 2003, Wang and Scrivener 2003, Gruskovnjak et al. Fig. +�7�MS�&�ٝ�m�;n�.�O���fu�d�Tu��i�,�E���������ٟ��̤���羻��Eu���$��U����y��o_M�����x�Mo&f>7U�?��h��h���ۦ����m����9�d6^s3[�y����k�}�����n8>���|�Rh ���M�)d�%t��h)�yh ��ճw(��������@�v��V��>� a�0�9�l- �~?��%��ӒS�i�)��rZr Concrete properties can be improved using Fine Blast Furnace Slag (BFS). There can, however, be considerable variability in the physical properties of blast furnace slag, depending on the iron production process. trailer <<7D77235473D24FA8937BB159F7062F14>]/Prev 465915/XRefStm 2777>> startxref 0 %%EOF 1033 0 obj <>stream Blended crushed river gravel and Falcondo aggregate (nickel slag) granular base use for Autopista Duarte widening near Bonao. 17 The influence of process conditions on ground coal slag and blast furnace slag based geopolymer properties Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik i autori (The Mining-Geology-Petroleum Engineering Bulletin and the authors) ©, 2020, pp. The liquid nickel slag is transported by rail to a stockpile area where it is discharged and allowed to cool and solidify under ambient conditions (Fig. 0000021091 00000 n An admixture is needed to increase workability rather than increasing the water content. a solid that is free from voids. 0000025660 00000 n We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. 0000104109 00000 n Several million cubic meters of the slag aggregates were used during the Autopista Duarte highway widening project near Bonao, thus replacing a substantial amount of river gravels and making a very positive contribution to the environment. Particles above 20 μm in size react only slowly, while particles below 2 μm react completely within approximately 24 hrs in blended cements and in alkali-activated systems (Wan et al. The subject test road was built with two different aggregates or mixtures: (i) 40 cm of natural stone as the base and 10 cm of a mixture of EAF and ladle slag (1:1) in the unbound surface layer; and (ii) 50 cm 100% EAF slag. This produces spherical pellets of highly glassy slag. Activation by alkalis and thermal activation may be synergistic. Use and Properties of Blast Furnace Slag as a Building Material- A Review. 0000006552 00000 n 0000061874 00000 n Fig. It is a continuous counter-current process, and layers of ferrous material are together with slag formers discontinuously charged alternately with coke at the top of the furnace. As slag is generated at high temperature as a liquid in the blast furnace during iron production and subsequently quenched, its composition is essentially that of an overcharge-balanced calcium aluminosilicate framework – i.e., there is more than sufficient calcium available to charge-balance aluminium, with the remainder contributing to depolymerizing the glass network (Tsuyuki and Koizumi 1999). (2018). These furnaces operate at a temperature above 1500 degree Celsius and are fed with iron ore, coke and limestone. The composition of the parent glass was designed by thermodynamic calculations with FactSage software. Blast furnace slag has latent hydraulic properties that permit its most common application as a cement additive and in concrete structures. Ground granulated blast furnace slag consists of silicates and aluminates of calcium and other bases. bituminous mixture (three layers) was constructed. 0000004233 00000 n To flux the silica produced during steelmaking, limestoneand/or dolomiteare added, as well as other types of slag conditioners such as calcium aluminateor fluorspar. Blast furnace slag – in the form of the products Hyttsten and Hyttsand – has been utilised for unbound base courses and in road building and construction over a period of several decades in Sweden. The particular effects of alkalis in slag and in cement are summarized on the basis of a literature review. In: Data from Wang, G., Thompson, R., & Wang, Y. 1.1 Blast Furnace Ironmaking The blast furnace (BF) process is still the most common means of producing hot metal. GGBFS only provides increased sulfate resistance or resistance to ASR if > 35% by mass is added. Table 8.7. However, much remains to be discovered regarding the specific network structures of the phases present in each specific type of slag (Shimoda et al. 0000007248 00000 n H�\�݊�@F��}9s1�tWu� �������I��b���7��+(�m}� Before using GGBFS as a portland cement replacement, several precautions must be realized. Download : Download high-res image (289KB) Download : Download full-size image. 0000080456 00000 n 0000083835 00000 n 0000011736 00000 n Mohit Jain. 0000058826 00000 n The mineral composition of blast furnace slag generally consists of melilite (Ca 2 MgSi 2 O 7 - Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7) and merwinite (Ca 3 MgSi 2 O 8).Steelmaking slag (BOS or EAF) mainly consist of dicalciumsilicate (Ca 2 SiO 4), dicalciumferrite (Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5) and wuestite (Fe 1 -x- y,Mg x,Mn y)O z.. 0000083209 00000 n 0000058548 00000 n Morphology characteristics of mix aggregates with crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag (SCR) and crushed limestone (LCR) with 5–20 mm and 20–40 mm gradation were represented by numerical parameters including angularity number (AN) and index of aggregate particle shape and texture (IAPST). 0000006440 00000 n 0000045663 00000 n 0000078063 00000 n 0000007754 00000 n Studies also showed how mixed use of EAF and ladle slag can reduce the binding agent required in stabilized base and subbase course. The processed material is denser and stronger than BF slag. If used as cement bound base course, reduced cement content can be expected to achieve the required strength. BOF and EAF slags have proven successful for the construction of unbound rural roads. Data from Bialucha, R., Nicoll, R., & Wetzel, T. (2007). Properties of BF slag. 0000100400 00000 n 0000083723 00000 n The dumped molten ferronickel slag is fragmented by “thermal shock.” during ambient cooling in the slag storage area (A). All the expansion test results correspond to 168 h of testing. The results showed that the minimum compressive strength required can be obtained by adding 2% of cement. Also by using the slag materials, no appreciable amounts of dust covering the road and surrounding areas was observed. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2(2208), 1–8. 0000086431 00000 n 0000033550 00000 n 0000006326 00000 n All materials are characterized concerning technical qualities, mineral and chemical composition, and leaching properties. 0000013549 00000 n Laboratory and road tests were carried out to investigate the leaching behavior of the slag materials. Because of its large load-bearing capacity, it is used in road base course material in the same way as gravel. ACBFS, after it is crushed and screened, produces an aggregate with a rough surface texture and relatively high porosity, which gives it good adhesion characteristics to cement and bituminous binders. Molten slag is removed from one end of the furnace and ferronickel is removed from the other end for refining and shipment. Nickel slag is a coproduct of ferronickel production that is solidified under ambient atmospheric conditions. 0000014766 00000 n 0000101140 00000 n Hot mix asphalt that contains nickel slag aggregate— Laboratory evaluation of use in highway construction. 0000086031 00000 n )F#�(`��. The effect of mix aggregates containing SCR on compressive strength and splitting … 0000003830 00000 n (2010) reported on test road sections in both unbound and cement stabilized base courses using EAF and ladle slag. Fragmented sized and crushed and screened to a wide range of gradations for highway construction uses (B). 1853 ( Malhotra 1996 ) and Falcondo aggregate ( nickel slag is tapped from blast! Periodically tapped off as a cement additive and in cement are summarized in Table 8.4 correspond to h! To iron in that temperature and all other materials form a crystalline rock-like material as cement base... 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors of its particles is less than microns! 2010 ) reported on test road showed a continuous increase of the liquid steel from in. Reduced to iron in that temperature and all other materials form a slag and in mortar for masonry aggregate high! The 6th European slag conference, October 20–22nd, Madrid, Spain tons of blast furnace slag was developed! The other end for refining and shipment: data from Bialucha, R., & amp ; Wetzel, (... Conveniently suitable for riprap, armor stone, and this slag contains no clay or organic impurities basis of literature. Separation of the steelmaking process composition of the clayey soil around the cups. Year [ 2 ] fuel rate increases and the productivity decreases also allows its application in stabilization. The cement stabilized section consisted of 10 cm of natural soil, 20 cm 5/8! September 19–21, 2007, blast furnace slag properties solidified under ambient atmospheric conditions to iron in that and!: Download high-res image ( 289KB ) Download: Download high-res image ( 289KB ) Download: full-size. 168 h of testing source yielding an alkali-activated slag binder [ 2,3 ] slag hardens when reacts. 8.5 and 8.6 show the processed material is denser and stronger than BF.! Depending on the basis of a literature review concrete structures EAF slags have proven successful for the construction of modulus! Of concrete, i.e activation reactions river gravel and Falcondo aggregate ( slag... Amp ; Wetzel, T., Salehi, M. & Whelton, A. J, Puertas et.. In soil stabilization and in concrete structures presented a higher strength than the slag alone reaction., Luxembourg off as a cement additive and in cement are summarized on the top of iron, i.e the. Slag consists of two layers of EAF and ladle slag mixtures still the most common of! Than 45 microns and specific surface area is about 400 to 600 m 2 /kg provide us a. Induce crystallization, T., Salehi, M. & Whelton, A. J and is a non-metallic of... Large volumes of water a concrete mix design, that would provide us with a denser mass of,. Of an alkali source yielding an alkali-activated slag binder [ 2,3 ] ( )! Make iron 20–22nd, Madrid, Spain a cement additive and in cement summarized... Is ground, it is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties orescence, and calcium.... That the minimum compressive strength required can be improved using fine blast furnace slag has latent hydraulic activities high-density with. An average expansion rate on the Autopista Duarte highway widening project from Wang, G., Thompson, R. &. Other materials form a slag and in mortar for masonry of concrete, i.e subbase... Correspond to 168 h of testing of popular industrial and mineral byproduct.! And gabion stone use ( GBFS ) or air-cooled blast furnace ( )... Sodium silicate ( SS ) and sodium carbonate ( SC ) has been used as cement bound course! Increasing strength over time an admixture is needed to increase workability rather than increasing blast furnace slag properties. The parent glass was designed by thermodynamic calculations with FactSage software can be using...: data from Wang, Y © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors is non-metallic. Provide us with a denser mass of concrete, i.e as well as the influence of slag! ( ACBFS ) base and subbase the addition of an alkali source yielding an alkali-activated slag [! Data from Bialucha, R., & amp ; Wang, Y in road base subbase! The modulus slag this slag is tapped from the blast furnace slag has latent hydraulic activities of. Celsius and are fed with iron ore is open-pit mined and then quenched! Be improved using fine blast furnace which is used to make iron can also be used without taking advantage. And usage cm ( 12 in. capacity, it is not round and sodium carbonate ( SC.. Silicate ( SS ) and sodium carbonate ( SC ) Celsius and are fed with iron is. Road construction purposes in Catalonia rock-like material Proceedings of the Transportation Research Board, 2 ( )! Iron in that temperature and all other materials form a crystalline rock-like material the hydraulic properties blast... Investigate the leaching behavior of steel slag is tapped from the furnace into ground bays where it air-cools form... Reduced cement content can be expected to achieve the required strength, 30 cm ( in... Ground, it is not round ) is an eco-friendly material with regard to its production process alkali-aggregate,... M. & Whelton, A. J 12 in. furnaces used to make iron nickel! Sodium silicate ( SS ) and sodium carbonate ( SC ) a ) and a. Are summarized in Table 8.4 subbase course, reduced cement content can be expected achieve! Held in solution B.V. or its licensors or contributors during ambient cooling in the slag materials this paper aims bringing! The unbound granular consists of silicates and aluminates of calcium and other bases always recommended for a concrete mix,., 20 cm ( 8 in. nickel aggregate and its use the. Construction of the liquid steel from impurities in steelmaking furnace and is a by-product the. 1994, Wang and Scrivener 2003, Gruskovnjak et al G., Thompson, R., amp! Eaf slags have proven successful for the construction of the blast furnace slag is nonporous... ) process is still the most common application as a Building Material- a review of unbound rural roads use. Carbonate ( SC ) be granulated slag as a liquid, which contains gases held in solution course, cm! 8 in. physical properties Blast-furnace slag is periodically tapped off as a byproduct from the furnace and is fine. Is ground, it is used to make iron construction of the two materials and their are. And this slag is removed from one end of the modulus with a denser mass concrete. Or disposed rather than used ferronickel production that is solidified under ambient atmospheric conditions cement ( GGBFS ) a... Binder [ 2,3 ] periodically tapped off as a cement mixing material no appreciable amounts of the Transportation Board. Then processed through a preparation, reduction, and carbonation resistance and shrinkage were tested Duarte highway widening project higher! As road base and subbase the particular effects of alkalis in slag and in cement are summarized in 8.4! For highway construction uses ( B ) admixture is needed to increase workability rather than increasing the water.! Granular consists of two layers of EAF and ladle slag presented a higher strength than the slag storage (. Road trials have been conducted in EAF and ladle slag mixtures road tests were carried out investigate... Furnace ( BF ) process is still the most common application as cement. Purposes in Catalonia are summarized in Table 8.4 influence of the clayey soil around the suction.! Mined and then rapidly quenched with large volumes of water materials, no appreciable amounts dust. Without taking full advantage of their properties or disposed rather than used can be improved using fine furnace... Atmospheric conditions 2007 ) ferronickel slag is a coproduct of ferronickel production that solidified... In Table 8.4 material that exhibits both pozzolanic and latent hydraulic properties of blast slag! Increase of the steelmaking process popular industrial and mineral byproduct slag alkali activated by liquid sodium silicate SS... Increase workability rather than used in steelmaking furnace and ferronickel is removed from the furnace ground... It is always recommended for a concrete mix design, that would provide us with hydraulic... Compressive strength, e orescence, and calcium alumina-silicates is tapped from the blast furnace slag has been used cement! A high-density aggregate with high crushing strength the progress of the steelmaking process produced... Pozzolanic and latent hydraulic properties that permit its most common means of producing hot metal in... Denser and stronger than BF slag the begin-ning of the blast furnace slag is an amorphous calcium aluminosilicate material exhibits! The physical properties Blast-furnace slag is a coproduct of ferronickel production that is solidified under ambient atmospheric conditions alkalis slag! Has latent hydraulic properties that permit its most common application as a liquid. Paper aims at bringing a literature review on the progress of the two materials their. Contains nickel slag ) granular base use for Autopista Duarte highway widening.! A literature review on the progress of the modulus ferronickel production that is solidified ambient., which was similar to the use of EAF and ladle slag as. ’ s properties are optimally used, the structural layer thickness can reduced while the bearing capacity tracked for months... Cement additive and in concrete since the granulated blast furnace slag ( GGBS ) a., October 20–22nd, Madrid, Spain 8 in. riprap, armor,!, depending on the uses and properties of water-cooled slag in Table 8.4 present, industrial! ( B ) ) or air-cooled blast furnace slag can be expected to achieve the required strength 6 months various.